{"id":1830,"date":"2026-09-20T17:50:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T17:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/?p=1830"},"modified":"2026-09-20T19:16:00","modified_gmt":"2026-09-20T19:16:00","slug":"electrical-insulation-resistance-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/blog\/electrical-insulation-resistance-test\/","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC nh\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng qua l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng megaohm ho\u1eb7c gigaohm. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed danh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0: 250 V (m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p), 500 V (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 230\/400 V), 1.000 V (c\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1 kV), v\u00e0 2.500 \u2013 5.000 V (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh). C\u1ea7n ch\u1edd 60 gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p \u0111o. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, 1 M\u03a9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y quay, n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 1 M\u03a9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00eam 1 M\u03a9 cho m\u1ed7i kV \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1edf 40\u00b0C theo IEEE 43; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 n\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean 100 M\u03a9. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 2.0 (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 10 ph\u00fat chia cho 1 ph\u00fat). N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.5, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1831\" src=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Electrical-Insulation-Resistance-Test.webp\" alt=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e9p th\u1eed d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p th\u1eed, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea3y qua n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o. Do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 nanoampe \u0111\u1ebfn microampe \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng megaohm ho\u1eb7c gigaohm thay v\u00ec ohm, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111a n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p th\u1eed n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u0111a n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00f9y \u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb mong \u0111\u1ee3i. L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng do \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ee7 cao, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o; nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi l\u1ea7n \u0111o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC), v\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC, c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u2013 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n dung.<\/span> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i.<\/span> C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3m trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eabn<\/span>, l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea3y qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 ba, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 60 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1832\" src=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Test-voltages-by-equipment-class.webp\" alt=\"\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/th>\n<th>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m DC \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, m\u1ea1ch 24-50 V<\/td>\n<td>250 V<\/td>\n<td>60 gi\u00e2y; thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed1i 230\/400 V, b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/td>\n<td>500 V<\/td>\n<td>60 gi\u00e2y; m\u1ee9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 1 kV<\/td>\n<td>500-1.000 V<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec3m trong 60 gi\u00e2y; 10 ph\u00fat cho ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trung b\u00ecnh, 1-36 kV<\/td>\n<td>500-5.000 V<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecdc trong 10 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 1 ph\u00fat cho PI; th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/td>\n<td>000-10.000 V<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>M\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u1edf ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi 500 V th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c h\u01a1n. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh cho lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 IEC 61557-2 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1y l\u00e0 IEEE 43. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u00e9o m\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra; th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m tra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u01a1m, m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n, m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n, qu\u1ea1t, m\u00e1y n\u00e9n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng do \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 do chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng\/l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c g\u00e2y d\u1eebng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1p di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu c\u00e1p n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1edf. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 sau b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u00e0o. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, contactor v\u00e0 \u1ed5 c\u1eafm c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f2n m\u1edbi (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1eebng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi, v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eaft, c\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/blog\/manufacturing-plant-shutdown-checklist\/\">l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<h2>Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i; nhi\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/span> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a.<\/span> T\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a\/\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/span> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, VFD, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t, m\u00f4-\u0111un PLC v\u00e0 r\u01a1-le \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ch\u00fang. Tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch song song \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111o m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/span> \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u00edch dung kh\u00e1ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1p d\u00e0i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u00fang \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed.<\/span> Th\u1eed d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eed d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/span> Ch\u1ea1y trong s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u00e2y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span> Ghi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1o d\u00e2y d\u1eabn khi ch\u01b0a n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, x\u00e1c minh th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn <a href=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/blog\/how-to-test-a-circuit-breaker\/\">th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch<\/a> d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai l\u1eafp r\u00e1p quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1833\" src=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/The-test-procedure-step-by-step.webp\" alt=\"Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c<\/th>\n<th>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/th>\n<th>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Quy t\u1eafc m\u1ed9t megaohm<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 1 M\u03a9<\/td>\n<td>M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p chung; m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IEEE 43 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho m\u00e1y quay<\/td>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kV + 1 M\u03a9, \u1edf 40\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y m\u00e1y AC v\u00e0 DC; do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 400 V c\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 1,4 M\u03a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>M\u00e1y m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y m\u1edbi qu\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng &gt; 100-1.000 M\u03a9<\/td>\n<td>C\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td>Th\u01b0\u1eddng &gt; 100 M\u03a9<\/td>\n<td>Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 2,0 t\u1ed1t; 1,5-2,0 \u0111\u00e1ng nghi ng\u1edd; &lt; 1,5 k\u00e9m<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1p d\u00e0i; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1 M\u03a9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i (60 gi\u00e2y \u00f7 30 gi\u00e2y)<\/td>\n<td>\u2265 1,4 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n nhanh thay th\u1ebf PI khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m 10 ph\u00fat kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf cu\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n m\u01b0a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ee9 hai, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ed7i. S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed9p n\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2>DAR v\u00e0 PI: khi m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7<\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i (DAR) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i 60 gi\u00e2y chia cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i 30 gi\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (PI) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i 10 ph\u00fat chia cho \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i 1 ph\u00fat. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4, s\u1ea1ch so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1y m\u00f3c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ea5y PI t\u1eeb 2 tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m gi\u1eefa m\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0m cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 1. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0: tr\u00ean 2.0, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t; t\u1eeb 1.5 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.0, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra; d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.5 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 PI tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a d\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1 M\u03a9 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n do d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n d\u00f2ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5; do \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh sai. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 10\u00b0C so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i 10\u00b0C gi\u1ea3m d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200 M\u03a9 \u1edf 15\u00b0C, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 100 M\u03a9 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf 25\u00b0C, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u suy gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>IEEE 43 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu 40\u00b0C, t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c m\u00f9a, v.v. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi \u0111o v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u0103m sai l\u1ea7m g\u00e2y ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u. .<\/span> C\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nguy hi\u1ec3m sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. Nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/span> VFD, b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u0103ng \u00e1p, m\u00f4-\u0111un \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o PLC v\u00e0 r\u01a1-le \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch ph\u00e9p \u0111o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.<\/span> \u0110\u1ecdc trong n\u0103m gi\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1c. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">B\u1ecf qua nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/span> L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ed1t; v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/span> Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng. M\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Megohmmeter ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y th\u1eed hipot: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>Megohmmeter v\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1eed hipot th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Megohmmeter, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng megohm. Megohmmeter l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m tra hipot l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u00e1y th\u1eed hipot \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u2013 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC, n\u00f3 n\u00ean b\u1eb1ng hai l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 1.000 V \u2013 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh xem vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng r\u00f2 trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7t ra hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ki\u1ec3m tra hipot n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t so s\u00e1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: \u0111o c\u01a1 s\u1edf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef; m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3; m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9; v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i thay v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p>Quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 50% so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1,5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong khi c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<h2>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: t\u1eeb l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cbao nhi\u00eau s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu trong m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m khu\u00f4n, ch\u00e8n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra 100% v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/blog\/difference-between-manual-and-automation-testing\/\">so s\u00e1nh ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a>, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: l\u1ed7i b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c RCD kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch ly l\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i thu h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n; ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng sang ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng 100% c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong <a href=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/blog\/automated-vs-manual-mcb-testing-payback\/\">ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m tra MCB t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/a>, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba con s\u1ed1: chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sau khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n<p>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m tra. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch theo d\u00f5i. C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i di\u1ec5n ra sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2014 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/mcb-automatic-production-line-product\/\">MCB<\/a>, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb benlongkj x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u00f9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u2013 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc; s\u1eeda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly c\u00e1p ngu\u1ed3n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111ang mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0o g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng, h\u00e3y ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u00e2y ng\u1ea7m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u2014 500 V cho m\u1ea1ch 230\/400 V ho\u1eb7c 250 V cho m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p. Ch\u1edd v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00fat ph\u00edch c\u1eafm m\u00e1y \u0111o.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0110\u1ecdc Megger t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean d\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng 1000 volt, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o tr\u00ean 1 megohm \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung, tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi 100 M\u03a9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e9p \u0111o cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 M\u03a9, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 r\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p th\u1eed. Khi so s\u00e1nh, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1 M\u03a9, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p m\u1edbi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 100 M\u03a9. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho m\u00e1y quay b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u00ednh theo kilovolt c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 1 M\u03a9 (theo IEEE 43 v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf 40 \u0111\u1ed9 C) cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 P.I. l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2.0. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng megohm.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra Megger kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Megger l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p \u0111o. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m tra hipot v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra megger. Ki\u1ec3m tra hipot s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n, trong khi megger s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n<h3>Bao l\u00e2u n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n?<\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111o. C\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra sau khi c\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieee.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE \u2014 IEEE 43: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iec.ch\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 IEC 61557-2: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iec.ch\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 IEC 60243: \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fluke.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Fluke Corporation \u2014 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vitrek.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vitrek \u2014 Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weschler.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Weschler Instruments \u2014 Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n: Megohmmeter ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y th\u1eed Hipot<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OSHA \u2014 Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n, 29 CFR 1910 Ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 S<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1edd d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, \u0111o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn trong s\u1ed1 250 V, 500 V, 1.000 V ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n; vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau 60 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0 sau 10 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00ednh theo 40\u00b0C; tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang con s\u1ed1. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u01a1m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qua x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i: thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The part of an electrical circuit that usually happens to deteriorate very slowly and eventually fail at an unexpected moment is known as insulation. A winding of a motor, a power cable and the internal barrier of a breaker either performs the separation function properly or not. The point is, the difference between a safe [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1830"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1835,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1830\/revisions\/1835"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1830"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1830"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1830"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}