{"id":1332,"date":"2026-08-02T18:19:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T18:19:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/?p=1332"},"modified":"2026-08-02T18:19:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T18:19:05","slug":"difference-between-manual-and-automation-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/blog\/difference-between-manual-and-automation-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee1 v\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch thu nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Pune nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u1edbn sang \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y: m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch. Quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 m\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u0103ng th\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ecd th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thu th\u1eadp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau khi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i tho\u00e1t ra t\u1edbi 80%. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1336\" src=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Difference-Between-Manual-and-Automation-Testing-1.webp\" alt=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: <\/span>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng hay ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra; thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Hai Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p: Ki\u1ec3m Tra Th\u1ee7 C\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u00f3 Ngh\u0129a G\u00ec Trong Nh\u00e0 M\u00e1y<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ai \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c b\u0103ng th\u1eed theo c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. V\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y, b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh, v.v.<br \/>\nVai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng PLC t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u00e9p, \u0111o ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<br \/>\nC\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t hay v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u0103ng th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, ampe k\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao, v.v. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/news\/what-is-an-mcb-automatic-testing-line-a-complete-technical-guide\/\">D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng MCB l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1335\" src=\"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Manual-vs.-Automated-Testing-1.webp\" alt=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra Th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi Ki\u1ec3m tra T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: So s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/th>\n<th>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea3i, ki\u1ec3m tra, quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung.<\/td>\n<td>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y: PLC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh: v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat trong ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Do \u0111\u00f3, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\n<td>Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc: k\u00edch th\u00edch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00f2ng k\u00edn. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea3i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn hay ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ghi ch\u00e9p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 theo s\u1ed1 s\u00ea-ri ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 l\u00f4. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Cao: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trong R&amp;D, t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu v\u00e0 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i.<\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh: m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p: thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb $2000 \u0111\u1ebfn $20 000, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p th\u1eed v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n<td>Trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao: m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb $40,000\u2013$120,000, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1m, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trung t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 $500,000. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 12\u201324 th\u00e1ng th\u00f4ng qua ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1edfi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">McKinsey &amp; Company<\/a>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cao; th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu v\u00e0 R&amp;D; c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o; g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/td>\n<td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn; ki\u1ec3m tra quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn (hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n MCB, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p k\u00e9o v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a contactor, ki\u1ec3m tra hipot); b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra 100% v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1; c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra qu\u00e1 nhanh, qu\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: Khi kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n<p>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng sang ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 5.000 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean ki\u1ebfm 25.000 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 5.000 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng. Chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 200.000 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2014 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra, v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m tra trong ba ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec3m giao nhau \u2014 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ebb h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u2014 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eddi gian chu tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Robot Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IFR) x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kinh t\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 c\u1ea7u dao b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u2014 v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0i \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ef1c ch\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t thu h\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ef1c-d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y \u2014 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t thu h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra \u2014 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t chuy\u1ec3n sang ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh, thu h\u1ed3i, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn). Khi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 12\u201324 th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi 10\u201315 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Deloitte v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<h2>Khi Ki\u1ec3m Tra Th\u1ee7 C\u00f4ng V\u1eabn Chi\u1ebfn Th\u1eafng: Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1n C\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u00f3a<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&amp;D). Khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v.v. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o, trong khi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p\/ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cao. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 quan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghe m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn x\u00fac gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u2014 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a x\u1eed l\u00fd.<br \/>\nH\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng; h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra hipot cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o m\u1eabu nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, trong khi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a Benlong: \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n logic l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (PLC) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra, ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00e9m th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n<h3>Selenium l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng hay t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Selenium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5p n\u00fat, \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i trang web. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Selenium s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n logic l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh (PLC) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<h3>Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra QA c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra QA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n (v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m tra mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong khi t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">McKinsey &amp; Company \u2014 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a<\/a>. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ROI c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng mang l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ifr.org\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Robot Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IFR) \u2014 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Robot Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/a>. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Deloitte \u2014 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0<\/a>. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (MES).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.isa.org\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISA) \u2014 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec3m tra T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a>. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a trong hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra hipot, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00f4ng ty Benlong Automation cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When a medium-sized manufacturer of miniaturized circuit breakers in Pune landed a big export order to Germany, the technical specifications contained a requirement they had never faced before: every circuit breaker was to have a digital calibration certificate with unique serial number and trip-time information. The current quality testing process in the factory involved a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1336,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"blocksy_meta":{"has_hero_section":"enabled","hero_section":"type-2","hero_elements":[{"id":"custom_title","enabled":true,"heading_tag":"h1","title":"\u9996\u9875","__id":"PhdrtV0qr2dBFun7gqt4J"},{"id":"custom_description","enabled":true,"description_visibility":{"desktop":true,"tablet":true,"mobile":false},"__id":"nygBUkzdZqrZsULne3Fzh"},{"id":"custom_meta","enabled":true,"meta_elements":[{"id":"author","enabled":true,"label":"\u4f5c\u8005","has_author_avatar":"yes","avatar_size":25},{"id":"post_date","enabled":true,"label":"\u4e8e","date_format_source":"default","date_format":"M j, Y"},{"id":"updated_date","enabled":false,"label":"\u4e8e","date_format_source":"default","date_format":"M j, Y"},{"id":"categories","enabled":true,"label":"\u4f4d\u4e8e","style":"simple"},{"id":"comments","enabled":true}],"page_meta_elements":{"joined":true,"articles_count":true,"comments":true},"__id":"7T8phbf5T-0uPbMsTwPiX"},{"id":"breadcrumbs","enabled":true,"__id":"AABHB1JuwGAVwxhWUqjlT"},{"id":"content-block","enabled":false,"__id":"7NTtlFKNoHx7IL8yy7s9V"}],"page_title_bg_type":"custom_image","custom_hero_background":{"attachment_id":379,"url":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/bl-about-page-trust-bg.webp"},"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"[data-prefix=\"single_blog_post\"] .entry-header .page-title {--theme-font-size:30px;} [data-prefix=\"single_blog_post\"] .entry-header .entry-meta {--theme-font-weight:600;--theme-text-transform:uppercase;--theme-font-size:12px;--theme-line-height:1.3;} [data-prefix=\"single_blog_post\"] .hero-section[data-type=\"type-2\"] {background-color:var(--theme-palette-color-6);background-image:none;--container-padding:50px 0px;}","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":6}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1332"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1338,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1332\/revisions\/1338"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benlongkj.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1332"}],"curies":[{"name":"trang web","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}